Group+I

=**__STREAMS STUDY__**  =   Due: 11/13/08 Chang TT 2nd Earth and Environmental Science Nick S. Sheri O. Stacy B. Brandon L.

__**Introduction:**__
 In this lab session, we went to two different sites for a science lab. First, we went to Swannanoa Creek, and then we went to another farther downstream at the Catawba River. Our goal was to see which one was more polluted, the Swannanoa Creek upstream that was just coming out the mountains, or the Catawba River, which flows through town. It was a good way to provide scientific research for our science class as well as to test the water quality in our town.

If out hypothesis is right, the river downstream will be more polluted than the fresh upstream river. The downstream river would've collected more city waste such as discharge from cars, sewers, and trash from the city it runs through. We must monitor our water quality because believe it or not, our water is getting worse every year. We must make sure the pollutants in the water don't get too high or we wouldn't be able to drink the water. To do this, we sampled the three types of water quality: physical, chemical, and biological.

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">__**Materials and Methods**:__
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">**Materials**
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Materials needed for this lab: <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Field notebook
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Writing utensil
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Ice cube tray
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Waste water bottle
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Tweezers
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Hand lenses
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Invertebrates list
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Tubs
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Kick net
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Test kits
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">DO
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Phosphate
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Nitrates
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">pH
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Chlorine
 * <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Turbidity

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">**Methods**
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">
 * Biological**
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Get in groups and work together.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Hold out the kick net out in the water and scuff the floor of the stream to get all of the macro invertebrates from the bottom.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Take the kick net out of the water.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Lay the kick net on the ground and put everything on it in a tub.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Search the tub for any macro invertebrates.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Put the macro invertebrates found in the ice cube tray.
 * 7) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Record the data of what was seen.
 * Chemical**
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Get a test kit (DO; Phosphates; Nitrates; pH; Chlorine; Turbidity)
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Test the water by following the instructions in the kit.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Fill the tube with the amount of water needed (stated in kit instruction).
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Put the test tablet in the tube of water (tablet in kit).
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Wait (time stated in kit instructions).
 * 6) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Compare color of water with chart in the kit.
 * 7) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Record the data.
 * Physical**
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Find the temperature of the water upstream and downstream.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Place thermometer in water
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Wait for approximately 2 to 3 minutes.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Remove the thermometer from the water.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Record temperature.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Observe the surroundings and record if it is a riffle, run, or pool.

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">**__Results:__**
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Swannanoa Creek
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">**__Chemical:__**

DO: 4% Nitrates: 0 PPM PH: 7 Phosphates: 0 PPM Chlorine: 0 PPM Turbidity: 20

Temperature: Upstream 10°C Downstream 10.5°C Shade: Yes Riffle, Run, or Pool: Riffle
 * __Physical:__**

Species: Mayfly: 4 Stoneflys: 7 Caddis: 7 Aquatic: 1 Water penny: 2
 * __Biological:__**

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">Catawba River
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">**__Chemical:__** DO: 4% Nitrates: 2 PPM PH: 7 Phosphates: 5 PPM Chlorine: 0 Turbidity: 0

Temperature: Upstream 15°C Downstream 13°C Shade: yes for the most part Riffle, Run, Pool: Pool
 * __Physical:__**

Species: N/A
 * __Biologica__**l:

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)">__<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">**Discussion**: __
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Hellgramite Caddisfly Larva Water Peeny Stonefly Nymph Mayfly Nymph

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Damselfly Nymph Dragonfly Nymph Scud Crayfish Sowbug Cranefly Larva Blackfly Larva Beetle Larva

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<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> Leech Tubiflex Worms Mosquito Larva Rat- Tailed- Maggot Midge Larva <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)">

=
<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"> The Chemicals looks fine in the Swannanoa creek and Catawba River, Physicals also looks good. We found Biological on the Swannanoa creek but not on the Catawba River. Swannanoa has riffle and Catawba has Pool. I think that the water quality it’s just fine. ===== <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">

The Catawba River had more Phosphates than Swannanoa Creek did, but everything else was on the same basic levels. <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"> <span style="background-color: rgb(191, 220, 248)"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif"><span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif">

Our hypothesis was that the upstream Swannanoa Creek was less polluted than the downstream Catawba River because the river downstream would have collected more waste from cars, sewers, etc. In conclusion, we learned that our hypothesis was true because the Catawba River was just a little more polluted than the Swannanoa Creek.